GHK-Cu
Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine Copper
GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide researched for collagen synthesis and wound healing. Topical forms appear in many cosmetic products; injectable use is not FDA-approved.
Overview
GHK-Cu (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper) is a naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide first identified in human blood plasma. It consists of three amino acids (glycine, histidine, and lysine) complexed with a copper ion. GHK-Cu is present in human plasma, saliva, and urine, with plasma levels declining with age. It was first isolated and characterized in the 1970s by biochemist Loren Pickart.
GHK-Cu has been studied primarily in the context of skin biology, wound healing, and cosmetic science. In preclinical research, it has been shown to participate in a range of biological processes, including stimulation of collagen synthesis, promotion of dermal remodeling and wound closure, antioxidant activity, and gene expression modulation related to tissue repair. GHK-Cu is used as an ingredient in some over-the-counter cosmetic and skincare products. It is not FDA-approved as a drug for any therapeutic indication.
Research context
GHK-Cu research spans several decades and encompasses both basic science and applied dermatology. Preclinical and in vitro studies have documented its effects on fibroblast activity, collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis, and various wound-healing pathways. Genomic studies have suggested that GHK-Cu may influence the expression of thousands of genes related to tissue repair, inflammation, and antioxidant defense.
In the cosmetic industry, GHK-Cu is incorporated into topical formulations (serums, creams) marketed for anti-aging and skin rejuvenation purposes. Some small clinical studies have evaluated topical GHK-Cu preparations for facial skin improvement. Injectable forms of GHK-Cu have been marketed through peptide research suppliers and some wellness clinics, but the FDA has included injectable GHK-Cu on its list of substances with safety concerns for compounding.
Safety and regulatory framing
FDA compounding concern for injectable forms; topical use widely available as cosmetic ingredient
GHK-Cu occupies a split regulatory position. As a cosmetic ingredient in topical formulations, it is commercially available in many countries and is not subject to drug-level regulation. However, the FDA has flagged injectable GHK-Cu as a substance with safety concerns for compounding, placing restrictions on its use by compounding pharmacies.
GHK-Cu is not FDA-approved as a drug for any therapeutic indication. Products labeled as 'research chemicals' for injectable use are not manufactured to pharmaceutical standards. Topical cosmetic products containing GHK-Cu are widely available but are regulated as cosmetics, not drugs, meaning efficacy claims are limited. Regulations vary by country. Readers should consult a licensed healthcare provider regarding any injectable product.
References
- Pickart L, et al. "The Human Tripeptide GHK-Cu in Remodeling and Tissue Regeneration." J Biomater Sci Polym Ed (2015) ↗Journal of Biomaterials Science
- Pickart L, Margolina A. "Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide in the Light of New Gene Data." Int J Mol Sci (2018) ↗International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Leyden JJ, et al. "Facial Skin Improvement with Copper Peptide Cream." Skin Pharmacol Physiol (2003) ↗Skin Pharmacology and Physiology
- FDA Bulk Drug Substance Compounding — Safety Concerns ↗FDA.gov
Research information only
Peptide Daily is an informational resource only. Peptide research chemicals are not approved for human use by the FDA unless otherwise noted. Nothing on this site constitutes medical advice. Consult a qualified healthcare provider before using any peptide or research chemical.
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