GHK-Cu

GHK-Cu (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper) is a naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide first identified in human blood plasma. It consists of three amino acids (glycine, histidine, and lysine) complexed with a copper ion. GHK-Cu is present in human plasma, saliva, and urine, with plasma levels declining with age. It was first isolated and characterized in the 1970s by biochemist Loren Pickart.

GHK-Cu has been studied primarily in the context of skin biology, wound healing, and cosmetic science. In preclinical research, it has been shown to participate in a range of biological processes, including stimulation of collagen synthesis, promotion of dermal remodeling and wound closure, antioxidant activity, and gene expression modulation related to tissue repair. GHK-Cu is used as an ingredient in some over-the-counter cosmetic and skincare products. It is not FDA-approved as a drug for any therapeutic indication.

GHK-Cu research spans several decades and encompasses both basic science and applied dermatology. Preclinical and in vitro studies have documented its effects on fibroblast activity, collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis, and various wound-healing pathways. Genomic studies have suggested that GHK-Cu may influence the expression of thousands of genes related to tissue repair, inflammation, and antioxidant defense.

In the cosmetic industry, GHK-Cu is incorporated into topical formulations (serums, creams) marketed for anti-aging and skin rejuvenation purposes. Some small clinical studies have evaluated topical GHK-Cu preparations for facial skin improvement. Injectable forms of GHK-Cu have been marketed through peptide research suppliers and some wellness clinics, but the FDA has included injectable GHK-Cu on its list of substances with safety concerns for compounding.